Bài giảng Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh: Câu chủ động, bị động - Vũ Mai Phương (Phần 2)

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PASSIVE VOICE - Phần 2 
I. Tóm tắt bài giảng 
 Quá khứ Hiện tại Tƣơng lai 
Đơn was / were + PII am / is / are + PII will be + PII 
Tiếp diễn was / were + being + PII am / is / are + being + PII Không có 
Hoàn thành had been + PII have / has been + PII will have been + PII 
Hoàn thành 
tiếp diễn 
Không có Không có Không có 
 12 thì cơ bản và chỉ có dạng bị động của 8 thì. 
9. Near future: 
S + am/is/are + going to + V + Object 
S + am/is/are + going to be + PII + by + O 
Eg: - We are going to make him the monitor of our class. 
 - He is going to be made the monitor of our class by us. 
1. Are they going to export more rice to Africa next year. 
 => ........................................................................................................................ 
2. How many exercises is the teacher going to give you? 
 => ........................................................................................................................ 
3. We are going to make him the head of our class. 
=> ................................................................................................................................. 
4. We aren't going to improve the public telephone service this year. 
 => ........................................................................................................ 
5. He isn't going to turn down the job they have offered him. 
=> .................................................................................................................... 
10. Modals and Auxiliary in the passive voice 
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Active: 
S + Modal verbs (can / could / may / might / must / ought to / Should ) + infinitive + Object 
Passive 
S + Modal verbs (can / could / may / might / must / ought to / Should ) + be + PII 
1. He can't repair my bike. 
=>............................................................................................................................................................ 
2. Our teacher used to forbid us to talk in class. 
=>............................................................................................................................................. 
3. My mother used to make clean the house. 
=>.................................................................................................................................................. 
 4. She can sew 3 shirts a day. 
=>............................................................................................................................................................ 
5 .He couldn't find his key. 
=>................................................................................................................................................................ 
6. Did Mr John use to teach you English? 
=>.................................................................................................................................................... 
7. My classmates used to call me John 
=>.......................................................................................................................................................... 
8. Mr. Brown will appoint Tom the director tomorrow 
=>.................................................................................................................................. 
9. You should pay more attention to your study 
=>............................................................................................................................................. 
10. They can see the villey from the top of the hill 
=>....................................................................................................................................... 
11.You must wash your hands 
=>............................................................................................................................................................ 
12. The computer can do all the accounts. 
=>.................................................................................................................................................... 
13.Children should treat old men with respect. 
=>........................................................................................................................................... 
14.How many ways can you solve this problem? 
=>......................................................................................................................................... 
15.You must keep dogs outside shops. 
=>........................................................................................................................................................ 
16.She didn’t use to make cloth puppets. 
=>..................................................................................................................................................... 
17. We can't improve the public telephone service this year. 
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=>...................................................................................................................... 
18. You ought to do all the work on your own 
=>............................................................................................................................................ 
19. Does she have to feed the pigeon twice a day? 
=>........................................................................................................................................... 
20. They must report it to the police or it will be too late. 
=>........................................................................................................................... 
11. Các trƣờng hợp đặc biệt 
Active Passive 
Make sb do sth 
The teacher is making us work hard. 
Be made to do sth 
We are being made to work hard by our teacher. 
Help sb (to) do sth 
He helped me (to) repair the washing 
machine. 
Be helped to do sth 
I was helped to repair the washing machine by 
him. 
Let sb do sth 
(1) His parents didn't let him buy a motorbike. 
S1 let sb do S1 
(2) He let her cheat him 
Be let do sth ( or be allowed to do sth ) 
(1) He wasn't let buy ( wasn't allowed to buy) a 
motorbike by his parents. 
 Let oneself be PII 
( 2 ) He let himself be cheated . 
1. The robber made everybody lie on the floor. 
=>............................................................................................................................................ 
2. Don't worry! Our teacher will help us study English grammar. 
=>............................................................................................................... 
3. Don't let others see you. 
=>............................................................................................................................................................ 
4. They made us stay indoors while they were testing the new weapon. 
=>....................................................................................................... 
5. He let me use his car for a week 
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=>............................................................................................................................................................ 
6. He has never let her look down on him. 
=> 
7. The teacher made him stay after the class because he hadn’t done his homework. 
=>. 
8. I will help you redecorate the room before Christmas comes. 
=>. 
12. See / Notice / Hear / Listen to / Watch 
 Active: Passive 
See seen 
Notice noticed 
Hear sb do sth Sb Be heard to do sth 
Listen to sb doing sth listened doing sth 
Watch watched 
Eg: - Someone saw him pick up a stone and throw it at the riot police. 
 - He was seen to pick up a stone and to throw it at the riot police. 
 - They saw him walking with his friend before he got lost. 
 - He was seen walking with his friend before he got lost. 
1. They saw him get on the car and drive away. 
=>............................................................................................................................................ 
2. They have never heard him say nonsense. 
=>................................................................................................................................................ 
3. We noticed him breaking into the house. 
=>................................................................................................................................................. 
13. Câu bị động truyền khiến 
 Active: HAVE SB DO SOMETHING/ GET SB TO DO SOMETHING 
 Passive: HAVE /GET SOMETHING DONE (BY SB) 
Ví dụ: - I have my younger brother clean the floor. 
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 - I have the floor cleaned by my younger brother. 
 - He has his hair cut. He has the barber cut his hair. 
 Cấu trúc trên đƣợc dùng theo hai nghĩa sau: 
a. Để nói ta thu xếp để người khác làm giúp mình một việc gì ( không tự mình làm) 
So sánh: Jill repaired the roof. ( = She repaired it herself) 
 Jill had the roof repaired. (= She arranged for somebody else to repair it) 
 I have cut my hair. ( Tôi tự cắt.) 
 I have had my hair cut. ( người khác cắt tóc cho tôi.) 
 I hate taking photographs. 
 I hate having my photograph taken. 
 Did Ann make the dress herself or did she have it made? 
 How often do you have your hair done / cut? 
 I’ve lost my key. I’ll have to have another key made. 
 Why did you take your car to the garage? To have it serviced. 
 Why did you take your jacket to the cleaner’s? To have it cleaned. 
 Why did you take your watch to the jeweller’s? To have it repaired. 
 Why did you go to the hairdresser ? To have my hair cut. 
So sánh: 
Passive: You should have / get your eyes tested (by an oculist). 
Active: You should have an oculist test your eyes / You should get an oculist to test your eyes 
b. Để nói một sự việc không hay xảy ra với vật sở hữu của ai / cái gì: 
 George’s nose was broken in a fight => George had his nose broken in a fight. 
 Jack’s passport was stolen a few weeks ago => Jack had his passport stolen a few weeks ago. 
 Have you ever had your passport stolen? 
 The hurricane blew off the roof of the house. 
 The roof of the house was blown off by the hurricane. 
 The house had its roof blown off by the hurricane. 
 They have had their house broken into twice this month. 
 Mr Brown had his hat blown off in the wind. 
II. Bài về nhà 
PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS 
Exercise 1. Change these sentences into the passive voice 
1. We all know we can't allow the situation to continue. 
The situation.................................................................................. 
2. We'll hold the next meeting in May. 
The next meeting....................................................................................... 
3. Everyone agrees that the company will employ no more staff. 
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No more staff... ....................................................................................... 
4. We ought to make things clear to them. 
Things....................................................................... 
5. We all agree that we must take action 
Action... .. 
6. Of course we must keep the factory open 
The factory...  
7. We have to reduce costs 
Costs............................................... 
8. We should warn the staff 
The staff.................................................... 
9. People should send their complaints to the main office. 
 ... 
10. Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it. 
 ... 
11. A short circuit could cause the fire. 
 ... 
12. Lan is going to invite her friends to her birthday party. 
 ... 
13. Lien couldn’t open the door of the classroom. 
 ... 
14. They should announce that news as soon as possible. 
 ... 
15. Phong has to return the scientific book to the library. 
 ... 
16. People must repair that old building. 
 ... 
17. The government will rebuild the memorial monument. 
 ... 
18. The students may elect Phong their leader. 
 ... 
19. The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils. 
 ... 
20. The athletes might visit some interesting places after Sea-Games. 
 ... 
21. Lan’s parents have to clean up their house before Tet holidays. 
 ... 
22. The principal might interview her. 
 ... 
23. They must keep fruit in the fridge for long. 
 ... 
Exercise 2. Transform these sentences using the causative have 
1. A local firm redecorated our kitchen. 
We .by a local firm. 
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2. A doctor took out her tonsils when she was six. 
She ..when she was six. 
3. Be careful! These walls have just been painted. 
Be careful! I  painted. 
4. There was a leak in the roof so they're fixing it now. 
There was a leak in the roof so I  now. 
5. The hairdresser should cut your hair. It's too long and untidy! 
You . It's too long and untidy! 
6. When will you call someone to repair the air conditioning? It's too hot in here! 
When will you ? It's too hot in here! 
7. When I was coming here, someone stole my purse on the bus. 
When I was coming here, I  on the bus. 
Exercise 3. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc 
1. Jimmy had a servant .(clean) his house. Jimmy had his house . 
2. My parents don't want to wash their car. They will get someone . (wash) it. They will get 
their car . 
3. His father always forces hime .. (study) hard. He's quite upset about this. 
4. The visitors made him ..(carry) a lot of luggages. 
5. I don't know why they let her little daughter (buy) a lot of clothes. 
6. Our mother never allows games all day. 
7. His wife permits him fast food. 
8. She makes her husband ..exercise. 
9. Why don't you let me ___ (cook) supper tonight? You can have a rest. 
KEY 
Exercise 1 
1. can't be allowed to continue 
2. will be held in May 
3. will be employed by the company 
4. ought to be made clear to them 
5. must be taken 
6. must be kept open 
7. have to be reduced 
8. should be warned 
9. Their complaints should be sent to the main office. 
10. Your car might be stolen if you had left the keys in it. 
11. The fire could be caused a short circuit. 
12. Lan’s friends is going to be invited to her birthday party by Lan. 
13. The door of the classroom couldn’t opened be by Lien. 
14. That news should be announced as soon as possible. 
15. The scientific book has to be returned to the library by Phong . 
16. That old building must be repaired. 
17. The memorial monument will be rebuilt by the government. 
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18. Phong may be elected their leader by the students. 
19. Papers written in pencils won’t be accepted by the teacher. 
20. Some interesting places might be visited after Sea-Games by the athletes. 
21. Their house has to be cleaned up before Tet holidays by Lan’s parents. 
22. She might be interviewed by the principal. 
23. Fruit must be kept in the fridge for long. 
Exercise 2 
1. had our kitchen redecorated 
2. had her tonsils taken out 
3. 've just had these walls 
4. 'm having it fixed 
5. should have your hair cut 
6. have the air conditioning repaired 
7. had my purse stolen 
Exercise 3 
1. clean, cleaned 
2. to wash, washed 
3. to study 
4. carry 
5. buy 
6. playing 
7. to eat 
8. do 
9. cook